Apple, Inc..

Apple, Inc.. (formerly named Apple Computer, Inc..) is a Silicon Valley company based in Cupertino, California, that specializes in computer technology. Apple helped the beginning of the personal computer revolution in the 1970s with the Apple II products and advance since the 1980s to the present with the Macintosh. Apple is famous for his creation of hardware, such as the iMac, Macbook, iPod music player devices, and mobile phones iPhone. Some ciptaanya any software able to compete in a creative field such as a video editor Final Cut Pro, Pro Logic sound editors and the iTunes music player that also functions as an online music store. First MacIntosh MacIntosh known as 128KDaftar contents [hide]1 Pre-foundation2 The first years3 Apple III and Lisa4 Macintosh5 The situation now6 Trivia7 Apple in Indonesia8 External links [edit] Pre-foundationBefore co-founded Apple, Steve Wozniak was an electronics hacker. In 1975, he worked at Hewlett-Packard and helped his friend Steve Jobs design video games for Atari. At that time, Wozniak had been buying computer time on a variety of minicomputers hosted by Call Computer, a company Kamradt. Computer terminal at the time were primarily paper-based; thermal printers such as the Texas Instruments Silent 700 is the most advanced terminals. Wozniak saw an article in Popular Electronics magazine called 1975 issue of how to build your own computer terminal. Using the tools that can be purchased at the store, Wozniak to design and create a computer named Computer Conversor, teletype sebuat video that can be used to access the minicomputers at Call Computers. Design was later bought by Call Computers, and number of units sold.In 1975 Wozniak started attending meetings of a club called the Homebrew Computer Club. New microcomputers such as the Altair 8800 and IMSAI inspired her to put a microprocessor in its video teletype to make it a complete computer units.At that time a lot of available CPU Intel 8080 is $ 179 and Nokia 6800 for $ U.S. 170. Wozniak is more interested in the 6800 but the price is too expensive. He was later realized and only the computer to design on paper.When MOS Technology 6502 chip production in 1976 at a price of $ U.S. 20, Wozniak wrote a version of BASIC for the chip and started to design a computer to run it. 6502 chip is designed by the same person who had designed the Motorola 6800. Wozniak then managed to make the computer and took it to the meetings Homebrew Computer Club to show off. At one meeting Wozniak met his old friend Steve Jobs is interested in the commercial potential of small computers.First yearsSteve Jobs and Steve Wozniak had been friends for a long time. First met in 1971 when a friend introduced Wozniak who was then 21-year-old to the time Jobs was 16 years old. Jobs persuaded Wozniak to make and sell computers. Jobs approached a local computer store sebuat The Byte Shop who is interested in buying a computer but the computer only came fully already, the shop owner Paul Terrell said he was ready to buy 50 units worth U.S. $ 500 only.Wozniak artificial computer only has a few advantages. One of them can use the TV as a monitor in which many computers as it does not have a monitor at all. This monitor is not as modern monitors and displays only the text at 60 characters per second. This computer named Apple I and a bootstrap code on ROM that makes it easier to start up. Finally, by coercion Paul Terrell Wozniak also designed a cassette mechanism to open and save programs at 1.200 bits / sec, a speed high enough at the time. Although it is quite simple computer design is a masterpiece, using the number of components with far fewer computers and the like managed to give Wozniak a reputation as a master designer quickly.Assisted by another person friend Ronald Wayne, the three of them began to produce computer. By using a variety of ways, including borrowing space from friends and family, sell a variety of personal property (such as a calculator and a VW Combi), scavenging and a little deceptive. Jobs managed to get the components needed for production while Wozniak and Wayne made the computers. Completed and sent in June, they were paid as promised by Paul Terrell. In the end, Apple I 200 units produced.But Wozniak was more advanced than the Apple I. Many of the design Apple I made due to limited funds owned by them to make a prototype. But with revenues from sales of the Apple I, he could start production of more sophisticated computers, Apple II Apple II was introduced to the public on the West Coast Computer Faire in April 1977.The main difference with the Apple I is designed TV display the total, in which the display is stored in memory. In this way the monitor can display not only text can also display images and colors in the end. At the same time emphasizing Jobs casing and keyboard design better by thinking that the machine should be complete and ready to run. Apple I almost like it but users still have to install the various components and writing code to run BASIC.Realizing such a computer would take a lot of cost. Jobs started looking for cash but Wayne's little doubt due to a failure of the company four years earlier and eventually left the company. Jobs finally met with Mike Markkula that guarantees bank loans of $ U.S. 250,000 and the three companies formed Apple Computer on April 1, 1976. With the funding and design a new form, the Apple II was released in 1977 and became a computer that is usually associated with the emergence of the PC market. Millions of units sold until the 1980s. When Apple went public in 1980, they generate the most funds since Ford went public in 1956.Various types of models produced Apple II, including the Apple IIe and Apple IIgs.Apple III and LisaEntering the decade of 1980, Apple faces competition in the personal computer business. One of the major challenger is IBM, the first major company in the computer field. IBM computers using DOS operating system licensed to IBM by Microsoft reached a large portion of market share for desktop computers belonging to large companies still young.Some smaller companies using the Apple II, but Apple felt the need to issue a new model of more advanced to compete in the field of computer tables for large companies. So the designers of the Apple III was forced to follow the wishes Steve Jobs is too high and impossible to fulfill. One of them is to remove the cooling fan - which, according to Steve Jobs does not elegant. The new engine and then very often experience overheating and some initial model should be withdrawn from the market. Apple III classified as very expensive even if Apple tried to remove an improved version in 1983 which also failed in the marketplace.Meanwhile, some groups within Apple also tried to develop new types of personal computers, with advanced technologies such as graphical user interface using the mouse, object-oriented programming and the ability to use the network. These people like Jef Raskin and Bill Atkinson tried to convince Steve Jobs to give its full support in developing their ideas.Only after they took Steve Jobs to see the technology developed at Xerox PARC Alto computer in December 1979 so rest assured that Steve Jobs will deliver the future of computer-intensive graphics and icon-friendly. Although the idea is to invite disagreement PARC researchers from many who ended up working for Apple as Larry Tesler, Xerox allowed Apple's engineers to visit PARC facility with the agreement that Apple will sell one million of their shares before the company went public (the total price of the It ranges from U.S. $ 18 million). Apple Lisa was released in January 1983 at a price of U.S. $ 10,000. Once again, Apple introduced a product classified as very advanced at the time, but too expensive (this mistake Apple will continue to be repeated during the next few years), and once again failed to reach the market Apple are available. Apple Lisa and then dismissed in 1986.MacintoshLisa Project is released from the control of Steve Jobs when he was half so. Steve Jobs then turned his attention to the Macintosh project, which was originally considered a type of Lisa's cheaper. Apple Macintosh was launched in 1984 with a television ad titled based on the 1984 novel by George Orwell is also named in 1984, with the statement, "On January 24th, Apple Computer will introduce Macintosh. And you'll see why 1984 will not be like '1984 ' "- the meaning of these words is the new Macintosh computers and will release information from a large corporate restraint and technocrats. Apple also led to the concept of preachers Apple (Apple evangelist) pioneered by Apple employee named Guy Kawasaki.Although there are concerns about the lack of available software, black and white screen and arkitekturnya the terutup, the Macintosh brand eventually became a successful product for Apple even to this day. When Bill Gates is now the founder and leader of Microsoft visited Apple in Cupertino, Steve Jobs showed a prototype of a graphical user interface for Macintosh.Banyak who feel that success should be much larger than reality. In 1985 Microsoft launched Windows, a graphical user interface of their own made for IBM computers. At that time IBM computer systems had been reverse engineered and many companies also make computers compatible with IBM. Although Apple gives license to some other products they never gave permission to another company to make computers compatible with the Macintosh, so Microsoft could dominate the existing market share. At that time Apple realized that they were too late to reclaim the market power they once had. Macintosh compatible computers sold in the 1990s was only a small success. Although the first Windows version is very out of date compared to the Macintosh, the software and a compatible computer with Windows can be bought at a price far cheaper than a Macintosh. Plus Microsoft repairs done quickly catch up. As well as because of the openness that is owned by a computer compatible with IBM causing more software available for Windows than Macintosh. Apple Ipod Nano in the output current 2005.KeadaanAfter the failure of the Macintosh Portable in 1989 Apple tried to introduce a portable computer that is more popular in the early decades PowerBook 1990. The first generation of these products are designed with Sony and provide layout for portable computers that are still used today: the hinges of the rear to support the screen, the keyboard is placed to the rear bay and a trackball (which later became the trackpad) is positioned in front of the keyboard. But the PowerBook brand failure after PowerBook 5300 models have many problems in quality such as batteries which are easily damaged, porous skeleton and easy screen is not good. Products from Apple's past and present include ProDOS operating system, Mac OS, Mac OS X, and A / UX, such as AppleTalk networking products, and multimedia programs such as QuickTime and a series of Final Cut software. In 1994, Apple update their products with the introduction of the Macintosh Power Macintosh series, which uses a PowerPC processor result of cooperation between IBM, Motorola and Apple. These processors use RISC architecture, which is far different from the previous 680x0 series. Apple's operating system is adjusted so that the software developed for the older processors can run with the series PowerPC processors.After problems in Apple's leadership with new CEO John Sculley in dekare the 1980s, Steve Jobs left Apple and founded NeXT Inc. company., Which ultimately failed, despite having a good start. Future, Apple In an effort to save his company, they bought NeXT and UNIX operating system-based its NeXTSTEP which also brought back Steve Jobs to the company which he founded. Sata a first step he did as a leader while at Apple was sparked the idea to develop the iMac, a product that will save Apple from its destruction at the same time providing time for them to streamline the operating system that already exists.Apple released the product after it is Apple Airport using Wireless LAN technology to connect a computer to the Internet without using cables. They also issued a G4 iBook and PowerMac.In early 2002, Apple issued a G4 iMac. This computer has a basic part of the half round and flat screen supported with a neck that can be moved. This model was dismissed in the summer of 2004. A new model that uses the processor G5 processor is released on August 31, 2004 and went on sale in mid-September in the same year. These models eliminate the base and package the entire unit of the center (central processing unit) on the back of the computer screen which is supported by a sleek aluminum foot. Computer is called the iMac G5 is a computer desk in the world's thinnest, with a thickness of only two inches or 5.1 cm.In mid-2003, Apple issued a fifth-generation PowerPC processors that use the PowerPC 970 series processors developed by IBM. This is a 64 bit computer for the first time available to the public.In 2001, Apple introduced Mac OS X, an operating system that is based from NeXTSTEP that combines the stability, reliability and security of Unix owned by the Macintosh ease of use into a software that can be used both for those engaged in professional or personal . Mac OS X also has a program called Classic Environment can run software designed for the operating system 9.1-9.2.2 old. Apple also provides an option for software developers to use the old Carbon technology to their programs can be adapted directly into Mac OS X. In this way, a program can take advantage of all the new features available in Mac OS X.In January 2007, Apple entered the mobile phone market by introducing the iPhone, which will be released in the same year in the United States. At the same time, the company's name will also be trimmed to take off the word "Computer" to represent the company's product diversification.TriviaBecause the time to give a name for his business has reached 3 months, Steve Wozniak and then offered to staff: "If until 5 o'clock this afternoon no one find a good name for this company, the name will be drawn from anything I like .. ". After 5 o'clock in the afternoon, still no one found the right name, happened to Steve Wozniak was eating an apple at the time, and according to the statement, the company took the name of an apple as a company Apple Computers.Apple in IndonesiaAs in other countries, the popularity of iPod has also caused "halo" effect for the Mac computers in Indonesia. Have emerged several mailing lists such as the Apple fanatics Mac.web.id, en-Mac, and en-Apple. Apple product user community in Indonesia got highlighted by televisionReferencesWikimedia Commons has media related to:Apple Inc.

Source : www.wikipedia.com